Chapter 34
Chapter 34 somebodyIntroduction 34 (Chapter 34) (Introduction) (Zohar)
Introduction 34 (Chapter 34) (Introduction) (Zohar) somebodyפִּקּוּדָא אַרְבֵּיסַר לְנַטְרָא יוֹמָא דְשַׁבַּתָּא, דְּאִיהוּ יוֹמָא דְנַיְיחָא מִכָּל עוֹבָדֵי בְּרֵאשִׁית. הָכָא כְּלִילָן תְּרֵין פִּקּוּדִין. חַד נְטִירָא דְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת. וְחַד לְקַדְשָׁא הַהוּא יוֹמָא בְּקִדּוּשֵׁיהּ. לְנַטְרָא יוֹמָא דְּשַׁבַּתָּא כְּמָא דְּאַדְכַּרְנָא וְאַתְעַרְנָא עֲלַיְיהּוּ דְּאִיהוּ יוֹמָא דְנַיְיחָא לְעָלְמִין. וְכָל עֲבִידָן בֵּיהּ אִשְׁתַּכְלְלוּ וְאִתְעֲבִידוּ עַד דְּאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא. The fourteenth precept is to observe the Sabbath day, which was the day of rest from all the works of Creation. This precept comprises two parts, one to rest on the Sabbath, and one to invest it with holiness. We have to observe that day as a day of rest, as has already been said, for the reason that it was a day of rest from the beginning, the whole work of Creation having been completed before this day was sanctified.
כֵּיוָן דְּאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא אִשְׁתָּאַר בְּרִיאָה דְרוּחִין דְּלָא אִתְבְּרֵי לוֹן גּוּפָא. וְכִי לָא הֲוָה יָדַע קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא לְאַעְכָּבָא לְקַדְּשָׁא יוֹמָא עַד דְּיִתְבְּרוּן גּוּפִין לְהָנִי רוּחִין. אֶלָא אִילָנָא דְדַעַת טוֹב וְרָע אַתְעַר הַהוּא סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא דְרַע וּבָעָא לְאִתְתַּקְּפָא בְּעָלְמָא וְאִתְפָּרְשׁוּ כַּמָּה רוּחִין בְּכַמָּה זַיְינִין לְאִתְתַּקְּפָא בְּעָלְמָא בְּגוּפִין. After the day was sanctified there was left a residue of spirits for which no bodies had been created. Why, it may be asked, could not God have waited to sanctify the day until He had created bodies for those spirits? The reason is that from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil there went forth the “evil power” to seize control of the world, and so a number of diverse spirits set out to acquire for themselves bodies by force.
כֵּיוָן דְּחֲמָא קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא כָּךְ, אַתְעַר מִגּוֹ אִילָנָא דְחַיֵּי נְשִׁיבָא דְרוּחָא וּבָטַשׁ בְּאִילָנָא אָחֳרָא וְאַתְעַר סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא דְטוֹב וְאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא. דְּהָא בְּרִיאוּ דְּגוּפִין וְאִתְעָרוּ דְרוּחִין בְּסִטְרָא דְטוֹב אִיהוּ בְּהַאי לֵילְיָא, וְלָא בְּסִטְרָא אָחֳרָא. As soon as the Holy One, blessed be He, saw this, He raised out of the tree of life a wind that blew and lashed against the other tree so that the “beneficent power” arose and the day was sanctified. For the creation of bodies and the stirring of spirits on that night comes about under the influence of the “beneficent power” and not of the “evil power”.
וְאִלְמָלֵא אַקְדִּים סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא בְּהַאי לֵילְיָא עַד דְּלָא יַקְדִּים סִטְרָא דְטוֹב, לָא יָכִיל עָלְמָא לְמֵיקַם קַמַּיְיהוּ אֲפִילּוּ רִגְעָא חָדָא. אֲבָל אַסְוָותָא אַקְדִּים קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא דְּדָלִיג קַמֵּיהּ קִדּוּשָׁא דְיוֹמָא וְאַקְדִּים קַמֵּי סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא וְאִתְקְיַּים עָלְמָא. וּמַה דְּחֲשִׁיב סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא לְאִתְבְּנֵי בְּעָלְמָא לְאִתְתַּקְּפָא, אִתְבְּנֵי בְּהַאי לֵילְיָא סִטְרָא דְטוֹב וְאִתְתַּקַּף וְאִתְבְּנוּן גּוּפִין וְרוּחִין קַדִּישִׁין בְּהַאי לֵילְיָא מִסִּטְרָא דְטוֹב. וּבְגִין כָּךְ עוֹנָתָן דְּחַכִּימִין דְּיָדְעֵי דָא מִשַּׁבָּת לְשַׁבָּת. Had the “evil power” forestalled on that night the “beneficent power”, the world could not exist, on account of the evil spirits, for an instant. But the Holy One, blessed be He, provided the cure in advance; He hastened the sanctification of the day before the evil power prevailed, and so the world was established, and instead of the evil power becoming master of the world as it thought to be, on that night it was the “beneficent power” which obtained the victory, and therefore sacred bodies and spirits are being built up on that night under the influence of the “beneficent power”. It is for that reason that the marital intercourse of the wise and learned men who know this is weekly, from Sabbath to Sabbath.
דְּהָא כְּדֵין חָמַאת דָּא סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא דְּכַמָּה דְאִיהִי חֲשִׁיבַת לְמֶעְבַּד, עֲבִידֵי (עביד) סִטְרָא דִקְדוּשָׁה. אָזְלָא וּמְשַׁטְּטָא בְּכַמָּה חַיָּילִין וְסִטְרִין דִּילָהּ וְחָמַאת כָּל אִנּוּן דְּקָא מְשַׁמְשֵׁי עַרְסַיְיהוּ בְּגִלּוּיָא דְגוּפֵיהוֹן לִנְהוֹרָא דְּבוּצִינָא, וְכָל אִנּוּן בְּנִין דְּנָפְקִין מִתַּמָּן הֲווּ נִכְפִין דְּשָׁרוּ עֲלַיְיהוּ רוּחִין מֵהַהוּא סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא. וְאִנּוּן רוּחִין עַרְטִילָאִין דְּחַיָּיבַיָא דְּאִקְרוּן מַזִּיקִין וְשָׁרִיאַת בְּהוּ לִילִי"ת וּקְטִילַת לוֹן. It is, moreover, the night on which the “evil power”, being supplanted by the “beneficent power”, roams about the world, accompanied by his many hosts and legions, and pries into all places where people perform their conjugal intercourse immodestly and by the light of a candle, with the result that the children born of such intercourse are epileptics, being possessed by spirits of that “evil power,” which are the nude spirits of the wicked, called demons (shedim); these are pursued and killed by the demon Lilith.
כֵּיוָן דְּאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא וְשָׁלְטָא קְדוּשָׁה עַל עָלְמָא, הַהוּא סִטְרָא אָחֳרָא אַזְעִירַת גַּרְמָהּ וְאִטַּמְרַת כָּל לֵילְיָא דְשַׁבַּתָּא וְיוֹמָא דְשַׁבַּתָּא, בַּר מִן אַסִימוֹ"ן וְכָל כַּת דִּילֵיהּ דְּאַזְלֵי עַל שְׁרַגֵּי בִּטְמִירוּ לְמֶחמֵי עַל גִּלּוּיֵי דְּשִׁמּוּשָׁא, וּלְבָתַר אִטַּמְּרוּן גּוֹ נוּקְבָא דִּתְהוֹמָא רַבָּא. כֵּיוָן דְּנָפַק שַׁבַּתָּא, כַּמָּה חַיָּילִין וּמַשִּׁרְיָין פָּרְחִין וּמְשַׁטְּטִין בְּעָלְמָא, וְעַל דָּא אִתְקַן שִׁיר שֶׁל פְּגָעִים דְּלָא יִשְׁלְטוּן עַל עַמָּא קַדִּישָׁא. As soon as the day is sanctified the evil power becomes weakened and withdraws into hiding all the night and day of the Sabbath, with the exception of Assimon and his band, who roam about to spy out indecent intercourses and then go and hide themselves in the cave of the great abyss. As soon as Sabbath ends, innumerable hosts and companies of them commence to fly and roam to and fro through the world, and it is to ward them off that the recitation of the Hymn against Calamities (Ps. XCI) has been instituted, so as to destroy their power over the holy people.
לְאָן אֲתַר מְשַׁטְּטֵי בְּהַהוּא לֵילְיָא. כַּד נַפְקֵי בִּבְהִילוּ וְחָשְׁבִין לְשַׁלְּטָאָה בְּעָלְמָא עַל עַמָּא קַדִּישָׁא וְחָמָאן לוֹן בִּצְלוֹתָא וְאָמְרִין שִׁירָתָא דָא, וּבְשֵׁירוּתָא מַבְדְּלֵי בִּצְלוֹתָא וּמַבְדְּלֵי עַל הַכּוֹס, פַּרְחֵי מִתַּמָּן וְאָזְלֵי וּמְשָׁטְטֵי וּמָטָאן לְגוֹ מַדְבְּרָא. רַחֲמָנָא לְשֵׁיזְבָן מִנַּיְיהוּ וּמִסִטְרָן (ומסטרא) בִּישָׁא. When, after issuing precipitately to obtain dominion over the holy people, they see them engaged in prayer and hymns, reciting the “Separation” (Habdalah) in the course of the prayer and afterwards over the cup, they flee and wander about until they reach the wilderness. May the Merciful One deliver us from them and from the evil power!
אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ ז"ל תְּלָתָא אִנּוּן גַּרְמִין בִּישָׁא לְגַרְמַיְיהוּ. חַד מָאן דְּלַיִּיט גַּרְמֵיהּ. תִּנְיָינָא מָאן דְּזָרַק נַהֲמָא אוֹ פֵּרוּרִין דְּאִית בְּהוּ כַּזַּיִת. תְּלִיתָאָה מָאן דְּאוֹקִיד שְׁרַגָּא בְּמִפְקָא דְּשַׁבַּתָּא עַד לָא מָטוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְקִדּוּשָׁא דְסִדְרָא דְּגָרִים לְנוּרָא דְּגֵיהִנֹּם לְאַדְלָקָא בְּהַאי נוּרָא עַד לָא מָטָא זִמְנַיְיהוּ. Our teachers, of blessed memory, said: There are three persons who bring evil upon themselves. One is the man who utters a curse against himself; a second, he who throws on the floor pieces of bread of the size of an olive; the third, he who lights his candle at the close of the Sabbath before the congregation has reached the recital of the “Sanctification” at the close of the service, for thereby he causes the fire of Gehinnom to be kindled by that light before its time.
דְּחַד דּוּכְתָּא אִית בַּגִּיהִנָּם לְאִנּוּן דְּקָא מְחַלְּלֵי שַׁבָּתוֹת, וְאִנּוּן דַּעֲנוּשִׁין בַּגֵיהִנֹּם לַייטִין לֵיהּ לְהַהוּא דְּאוֹקִיד שְׁרַגָּא עַד לָא מָטָא זִמְנֵיהּ, וְאַמְרִי לֵיהּ (ישעיהו כ״ב:י״ז) הִנֵּה יְיָ מְטַלְטֶלְךָ טַלְטֵלָה גָּבֶר וְגו' (ישעיהו כ״ב:י״ח) צָנוֹף יִצְנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה כַּדּוּר אֶל אֶרֶץ רַחֲבַת יָדָיִם. There is a place in Gehinnom assigned for those who profane the Sabbath, and those who undergo there their punishment curse the man who has lighted a candle before the time and pronounce against him the verse: “Behold the Lord will hurl thee up and down with a man’s throw, yea, he will wind thee round and round” (Is. 22, 17).
בְּגִין דְּלָאו יָאוֹת הוּא לְאַדְלָקָא נוּרָא כַּד נָפִיק שַׁבַּתָּא עַד דְּמַבְדְּלֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בִּצְלוֹתָא וּמַבְדְּלֵי עַל כַּסָּא. בְּגִין דְּעַד הַהוּא זִמְנָא שַׁבָּת הוּא, וּקְדוּשָׁה דְשַׁבָּת שָׁלִיט עֲלָנָא. וּבְשַׁעֲתָא דְמַבְדִּילִין עַל כַּסָּא כָּל אִנּוּן חַיָּילִין וְכָל אִנּוּן מַשִּׁרְיָין דְּאִתְמְנָן עַל יוֹמֵי דְחוֹל, כָּל חַד וְחַד יָתִיב לְאַתְרֵיהּ וּפוּלְחָנֵיהּ דְּאִתְמְנֵי עֲלֵיהּ. For it is not lawful to kindle a light at the close of the Sabbath before Israel has pronounced the “Separation Blessing” in the prayer and the “Separation Blessing” over the cup, as until that time it is still Sabbath, and the sanctity of the Sabbath still rests on us. At the moment, however, when we recite the “Separation Blessing” over the cup, all the armies and camps which have charge over the weekdays return each to its place and to its appointed service.
בְּגִין דְּכַד עָאל שַׁבַּתָּא וְאִתְקַדַּשׁ יוֹמָא, קֹדֶשׁ אִתְעַר וְשַׁלִּיט בְּעָלְמָא, וְחוֹל אִתְעַדֵּי מִשּׁוּלְטָנוּתָא דִילֵיהּ, עַד שַׁעֲתָא דְּנָפִיק שַׁבַּתָּא לָא תַיְיבִין לְאַתְרַיְיהוּ. וְאַף עַל גַּב דְּנָפִיק שַׁבַּתָּא לָא תַיְיבִין לְאַתְרַייהוּ עַד זִמְנָא דְאָמְרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּרוּך אַתָּה יְיָ הַמַּבְדִּיל בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחוֹל. כְּדֵין קֹדֶשׁ אִסְתַּלַּק, וּמַשִּׁרְיָין דְּאִתְמַנִיאוּ עַל יוֹמֵי דְחוֹל מִתְעָרִין וְתַיְיבִין לְאַתְרַייהוּ כָּל חַד וְחַד עַל מַטְרֵיהּ דְּאִתְפְּקַד עֲלֵיהּ. For with the entrance of the Sabbath and at the moment when it is sanctified, holiness awakens and spreads its dominion over the world, and worldliness is divested of its rule, and until the close of the Sabbath they do not return to their place; and even when the Sabbath closes they do not return to their places until the Israelites pronounce the words, “Blessed art Thou, O Lord, who separatest the holy from the profane.” Then holiness withdraws and the armies appointed over the weekdays rouse themselves and return each to its place and office.
וְעִם כָּל דָּא לָא שָׁלְטִין עַד דִּיהוֹן נְהוֹרִין מֵרָזָא דִשְׁרַגָא. וְכֻלְהוֹן אִקְרוּן מְאוֹרֵי הָאֵשׁ בְּגִין (דמנהורא דנורא דנגדא) (נ"א דמרזא דעמודא דנורא) וּמִיסוֹדָא דְנוּרָא אָתְיָאן כֻּלְהוּ וְשָׁלְטִין עַל עַלְמָא תַּתָּאָה. וְכָל דָּא כַּד בַּר נָשׁ אַדְלִיק שְׁרַגָּא עַד לָא שְׁלִימוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל קִדּוּשָׁא דְסִדְרָא. But yet they do not assume control until they become illumined through the light of the candle, for which reason they are called “fiery lights”, because they spring from the fiery element, which gives them the power to rule over the terrestrial world. All this is only when a man lights a candle before the congregation has finished the recital of the “Sanctification” at the close of prayer.
אֲבָל אִי אִיהוּ מַמְתִּין עַד דְּיַשְׁלִימוּ קִדּוּשָׁא דְסִדְרָא, אִנּוּן חַיָּיבִין דְּגֵיהִנֹּם מַצְדִיקִין עֲלַיְיהוּ דִינָא דְּקוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, וְאִנּוּן מְקַיְּימֵי עַל הַהוּא בַּר נָשׁ כָּל בִּרְכָאן דְּקָא אָמְרֵי צִבּוּרָא (בראשית כ״ז:כ״ח) וְיִתֶּן לְךָ הָאֱלֹהִים מִטַּל הַשָּׁמַיִם (דברים כ״ח:ג׳) בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה בָּעִיר וּבָרוּךְ אַתָּה בַּשָּׂדֶה וְגו'. (תהילים מ״א:ב׳) אַשְׁרֵי מַשְׂכִּיל אֶל דָּל בְּיוֹם רָעָה יְמַלְטֵהוּ יְיָ. בְּיוֹם רָע מִבָּעֵי לֵיהּ, מַאי בְּיוֹם רָעָה. יוֹמָא דְּשָׁלְטָא הַהִיא רָעָה לְמֵיסַב נִשְׁמְתֵיהּ. But when he waits until the close of that recital, the wicked in Gehinnom acknowledge the justice of the Holy One, blessed be He, and confirm for that man the blessings which the congregation recite in the words “So God give thee of the dew of heaven, etc.” (Gen. 27, 28), as well as: “Blessed shalt thou be in the field, etc.” (Deut. 28, 3). “‘Happy is he that considereth the poor, the Lord will deliver him in the day of evil” (Ps. 41, 2). We should have expected “in the evil day”; but the expression “the day of evil” alludes to the day when the “evil power” obtains permission to seize man’s soul.
אַשְׁרֵי מַשְׂכִּיל אֶל דָּל דָּא הוּא שְׁכִיב מְרַע לְאַסָּאָה לֵיהּ מֵחוֹבוֹי גַּבֵּי קוּדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא. דָבָר אֲחַר דָּא יוֹמָא דְדִינָא שָׁרְיָא עַל עָלְמָא אִשְׁתְּזִיב מִנֵּיהּ כְּמָה דְאִתְּמָר בְּיוֹם רָעָה יְמַלְטֵהוּ יְיָ. יוֹמָא דְאִתְמָסַר דִּינָא לְהַהוּא רָעָה לְשַׁלְטָאָה עַל עָלְמָא (חסר): Hence, “Happy is he that considereth the poor”, to wit, the man sick of soul, so as to heal him of his sins before the presence of the Holy One, blessed be He. According to an alternative interpretation, “the day of evil” alludes to the last day of judgement of the world from which such a one will be delivered, as it says: “in the day of evil the Lord will deliver him”, to wit, the day when the world is placed in the power of that evil one to chastise it.’1The text breaks off here abruptly.