Chapter 11. Moses flees out of Egypt into Midian. (Book 2. From the death of Isaac to the Exodus; Israel in Egypt, and the call of Moses) (Antiquities of the Jews) (Flavius Josephus)

1. Now the Egyptians, after they had been preserved by Moses, entertained a hatred to him and were very eager in compassing their designs against him, as suspecting that he would take occasion, from his good success, to raise a sedition and bring innovations into Egypt; and told the king he ought to be slain. The king had also some intentions of himself to the same purpose and this as well out of envy at his glorious expedition at the head of his army, as out of fear of being brought low by him and being instigated by the sacred scribes, he was ready to undertake to kill Moses: but when he had learned beforehand what plots there were against him, he went away privately; and because the public roads were watched, he took his flight through the deserts and where his enemies could not suspect he would travel; and, though he was destitute of food, he went on and despised that difficulty courageously; and when he came to the city Midian, which lay upon the Red Sea and was so denominated from one of Abraham's sons by Keturah, he sat upon a certain well and rested himself there after his laborious journey and the affliction he had been in. It was not far from the city and the time of the day was noon, where he had an occasion offered him by the custom of the country of doing what recommended his virtue and afforded him an opportunity of bettering his circumstances.

2. For that country having but little water, the shepherds used to seize on the wells before others came in case their flocks should want water and lest it should be spent by others before they came. There were now come, therefore, to this well seven sisters that were virgins, the daughters of Raguel, a priest and one thought worthy by the people of the country of great honour. These virgins, who took care of their father's flocks, which sort of work it was customary and very familiar for women to do in the country of the Troglodytes, they came first of all and drew water out of the well in a quantity sufficient for their flocks, into troughs, which were made for the reception of that water; but when the shepherds came upon the maidens and drove them away, that they might have the command of the water themselves, Moses, thinking it would be a terrible reproach upon him if he overlooked the young women under unjust oppression and should suffer the violence of the men to prevail over the right of the maidens, he drove away the men, who had a mind to more than their share and afforded a proper assistance to the women; who, when they had received such a benefit from him, came to their father and told him how they had been affronted by the shepherds and assisted by a stranger and entreated that he would not let this generous action be done in vain, nor go without a reward. Now the father took it well from his daughters that they were so desirous to reward their benefactor; and bid them bring Moses into his presence, that he might be rewarded as he deserved. And when Moses came, he told him what testimony his daughters bore to him, that he had assisted them; and that, as he admired him for his virtue, he said that Moses had bestowed such his assistance on persons not insensible of benefits, but where they were both able and willing to return the kindness and even to exceed the measure of his generosity. So he made him his son and gave him one of his daughters in marriage; and appointed him to be the guardian and superintendent over his cattle; for of old, all the wealth of the barbarians was in those cattle.