| ďż˝ 52. List of the Roman Bishops and Roman Emperors during the First Three Centuries. | ||||
From the lists of Eusebius (till Silvester), Jaffe (Regesta), Potthave (Bibliotheca Hist. Medii Aevi), Lipsius and others compared. See a continuation of the list in my History of Mediaeval Christianity, p. 205 sqq. | ||||
Date | ||||
Popes | ||||
Emperors | ||||
Date | ||||
Augustus | ||||
27 b.c. | ||||
Tiberius a.d. 14-37 | ||||
Caligula | ||||
67-41 | ||||
Claudius | ||||
41-54 | ||||
? 42-67 | ||||
Petrus-Apostolus | ||||
(63-64) | ||||
Nero | ||||
54-68 | ||||
? 67-79 | ||||
Linus-Presbyter | ||||
Galba | ||||
68 | ||||
Otho | ||||
68-69 | ||||
Vitellius | ||||
69 -69 | ||||
? 79-91 | ||||
Cletus or Anacletus | ||||
Titus | ||||
79-81 | ||||
Domitian | ||||
81-96 | ||||
? 91-100 | ||||
Clemens I | ||||
Nerva | ||||
96-98 | ||||
Trajan | ||||
98-117 | ||||
? 100-109 | ||||
Evaristus | ||||
? 109-119 | ||||
Alexander I | ||||
Hadrian | ||||
117-138 | ||||
? 119-128 | ||||
Xystus or Sixtus I | ||||
? 128-139 | ||||
Telesphorus (Martyr) | ||||
Antoninus Pius | ||||
138-161 | ||||
? 139-142 | ||||
Hyginus | ||||
? 142-154 | ||||
Pius I | ||||
? 154-168 | ||||
Anicetus | ||||
Marcus Aurelius | ||||
161-180 | ||||
? 168-176 | ||||
Soter | ||||
? 177- 190 | ||||
Eleutherus | ||||
Commodus | ||||
180-190 | ||||
? 190-202 | ||||
Victor I | ||||
Pertinax | ||||
190-191 | ||||
Didius Julianus | ||||
191-192 | ||||
Niger | ||||
192-193 | ||||
Septimius Severus | ||||
193-211 | ||||
202-218 | ||||
Zephyrinus | ||||
Caracalla | ||||
211-217 | ||||
Geta (d. 212) | ||||
211-217 | ||||
M. Opilius Macrinus | ||||
217-218 | ||||
218-223 | ||||
Callistus, or Calixtus I | ||||
Heliogabalus | ||||
218-222 | ||||
(Hippolytus,Antipope) | ||||
? 223-230 | ||||
Urbanus I | ||||
Alexander Severus | ||||
222-235 | ||||
? 230-235 | ||||
Pontianus (resigned in exile) | ||||
235-236 | ||||
Anterus | ||||
Maximin I (the Thracian) | ||||
235-237 | ||||
236-250 | ||||
Fabianus, Martyr | ||||
The two Gordians: | ||||
Maximus Pupienus, | ||||
Balbinus | ||||
237-238 | ||||
Gordian, the Younger | ||||
238-244 | ||||
Philip | ||||
244-249 | ||||
250-251 | ||||
The See vacant till March, 251 | ||||
Decius | ||||
249-251 | ||||
? 251-252 | ||||
Cornelius (in exile) | ||||
Gallus | ||||
251-252 | ||||
? 251 | ||||
(Novatianus, Antipope) | ||||
252-253 | ||||
Lucius I | ||||
Volusian | ||||
252-253 | ||||
? 253-257 | ||||
Stephanus I | ||||
Aemilian | ||||
253-268 | ||||
Valerian | ||||
256-259 | ||||
Gallienus | ||||
259-268 | ||||
? 257-258 | ||||
Xystus (Sixtus) II | ||||
Till July 21, 259 | ||||
The See vacant | ||||
259-269 | ||||
Dionysius | ||||
Claudius II | ||||
268-270 | ||||
269-274 | ||||
Felix I | ||||
Aurelian | ||||
270-275 | ||||
275-283 | ||||
Eutychianus | ||||
Tacitus | ||||
275-276 | ||||
Probus | ||||
276-282 | ||||
283-296 | ||||
Gajus (Caius) | ||||
Carus | ||||
282-284 | ||||
Carinus | ||||
284-286 | ||||
Numerian | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
Diocletian (d. 313 ) | ||||
284-305 | ||||
Maximian joint Emp. with Diocletian | ||||
286-305 | ||||
296-304 | ||||
Marcellinus | ||||
Constantius (d. 306) | ||||
304 or 307 | ||||
304-307 | ||||
The See vacant | ||||
Galerius (d. 311) | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
Licinius (d. 323) | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
Maximin II (Daza) | ||||
308-309 | ||||
Constantine the Great, | ||||
309-323 | ||||
Galerius (d. 311), | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
308-309 | ||||
Marcellus | ||||
Licinius (d.323), | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
309-310 | ||||
Eusebius, d. Sept. 26 (?) 309 | ||||
Maximin (d. 313), | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
Maxentius (d. 312), | ||||
ďż˝ | ||||
309-310 | ||||
The See Vacant reigning jointly. | ||||
311-314 | ||||
Miltiades (Melchiades) | ||||
314-335 Silvester I. | ||||
Constantine the Great, | ||||
323-337 sole ruler. | ||||
The whole number of popes, from the Apostle Peter to Leo XIII. (1878) is two hundred and sixty-three. This would allow about seven years on an average to each papal reign. The traditional twenty-five years of Peter were considered the maximum which none of his successors was permitted to reach, except Pius IX., the first infallible pope, who reigned twenty-seven years (1846-1878). The average term of office of the archbishops of Canterbury is fourteen years. | ||||